Example - Page Object Model example

Aim:
This example will demonstrate the Page Object Model technique which allows for better script  maintenance and reduces code duplication. This type of  framework allows the scripts to be less "brittle"

Difficulty Level:Medium

Prerequisites:

• Eclipse IDE installed
• Selenium 2/Webdriver API.

Commands used in example:

• Driver.manage()
• Driver.get(baseUrl)
• Driver.findElement by id, name, linkText, css Selector and xpath
• clear()
• sendkeys()
• click()
• random string

Steps:

1. Download and Install Eclipse IDE using link http://www.eclipse.org/downloads/
2. Tip: download the version suitable for your PC ( 32 bit/64bit))
3. Download the Selenium2 API 'selenium-server-standalone-*.jar' library using link http://seleniumhq.org/download
4. No need to get JUnit jar file in separate as it is inbuilt in  'selenium-server-standalone-*.jar'.
5. Launch the Eclipse IDE
6. Create a new Java project and name it FirstExample. You will see a default folder 'src' inside it.
7. Do right click on the created project and select Build Path >> Configuration Build Path
8. Add 'selenium-server-standalone-*.jar' under Libraries tab by clicking 'Add External Jars'.
9. Right click on 'src' and add a package 'com.example.tests'.
10. Create 4 java classes  'postPage.java', ' AddUser.java', 'loginPage.java' and 'DisplayNewsTest.java' into the created package.
11. Paste the below mentioned 4 scripts in corresponding java files.
12. Right click 'DisplayNewsTest.java' and click 'Run as >> JUnit test'.

Also See:

http://code.google.com/p/selenium/wiki/PageObjects
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/466819/how-can-i-make-my-selenium-tests-less-brittle
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/7997858/page-object-model-best-practices-in-selenium

What did you learn?

1. the usage of page object modelling ( Page object model) framework
2. makes you think about script maintenance 

Scripts:

Save the code as DisplayNewsTest.java

package com.example.tests;

import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;


public class DisplayNewsTest {
 private WebDriver driver;
 public String baseUrl="http://foundation.time2test.co.uk/";
 private StringBuffer verificationErrors = new StringBuffer();
 @Before
 public void setUp() throws Exception {
  driver = new FirefoxDriver();
  driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
 }
  @Test
  public void testDisplayNewsTest() throws Exception {
   LoginPage loginPage = new  LoginPage(driver);
   PostPage dashboard = loginPage.loginAs("admin", "time4test");
   AddUser newsPage = dashboard.goToNewPage();
    newsPage.NewDisplayed();
   }
  @After
  public void tearDown() throws Exception {
   driver.quit();
   String verificationErrorString = verificationErrors.toString();
   if (!"".equals(verificationErrorString)) {
    fail(verificationErrorString);
   }
  }

}

Save the code as LoginPage.java

package com.example.tests;
import org.openqa.selenium.*;
public class LoginPage {

private WebDriver driver;
public LoginPage(WebDriver driver) {
this.driver = driver;
}
public PostPage loginAs(String userName,String password) {
driver.get("http://foundation.time2test.co.uk/");
driver.findElement(By.linkText("Log in")).click();
driver.findElement(By.id("user_login")).clear();
driver.findElement(By.id("user_login")).sendKeys(userName);
driver.findElement(By.id("user_pass")).clear();
driver.findElement(By.id("user_pass")).sendKeys(password);
driver.findElement(By.id("wp-submit")).click();
return new PostPage(driver);
}
}

Save as PostPage.java

package com.example.tests;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;

public class PostPage {
private WebDriver driver;
public PostPage(WebDriver driver) {
this.driver = driver;
}
public AddUser goToNewPage() {
driver.findElement(By.linkText("Posts")).click();

driver.findElement(By.linkText("Add New")).click();
driver.findElement(By.id("title")).clear();
driver.findElement(By.id("title")).sendKeys("MyPost");
driver.findElement(By.id("publish")).click();
return new AddUser(driver);
}

}

Save as AddUser.java

package com.example.tests;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import java.util.*;

import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;

public class AddUser {
private WebDriver driver;

public AddUser(WebDriver driver) {
this.driver = driver;
}

public void  NewDisplayed()throws Exception {
driver.findElement(By.linkText("Users")).click();

driver.findElement(By.xpath("//li[@id='menu-users']/div[3]/ul/li[2]/a")).click();
Random rand = new Random();
int numNoRange = rand.nextInt();
String userstr="TestNewUser"+numNoRange;
String email="Testemail"+numNoRange+"@yahoo.in";
driver.findElement(By.id("user_login")).clear();
driver.findElement(By.id("user_login")).sendKeys(userstr);
driver.findElement(By.id("email")).clear();
driver.findElement(By.id("email")).sendKeys(email);

driver.findElement(By.id("first_name")).clear();
driver.findElement(By.id("first_name")).sendKeys("TestFirst");
driver.findElement(By.id("last_name")).clear();
driver.findElement(By.id("last_name")).sendKeys("TestLast");
driver.findElement(By.id("url")).clear();
driver.findElement(By.id("url")).sendKeys("http://www.google.com/");
driver.findElement(By.id("pass1")).clear();
driver.findElement(By.id("pass1")).sendKeys("time2test");
driver.findElement(By.id("pass2")).clear();
driver.findElement(By.id("pass2")).sendKeys("time2test");
driver.findElement(By.id("addusersub")).click();
driver.findElement(By.linkText("Log Out")).click();
}
}

Helpful Video: